Samuel Adams and the Question of Independence

Clockwise from top: 1772 portrait of Samuel Adams pointing to the Massachusetts Charter by John Singleton Copley; Benjamin Franklin portrait by Joseph Duplessis, circa 1785; official Thomas Jefferson portrait by Rembrandt Peale, 1800; Joseph Warren portrait by John Singleton Copley, circa 1765.

On April 3, 1776—just three months before the Declaration of Independence—Samuel Adams wrote from Philadelphia, where he was serving as a Massachusetts delegate to the Second Continental Congress. In a letter to fellow Massachusetts native Reverend Samuel Cooper of Boston, he posed a striking question: “Is not America already independent? Why then not declare it?” […]

Committees of Safety: Local Guardians of the American Revolution

Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh, New York, which was a meeting location for Committee of Safety

Guarding the Revolution at Home: The Forgotten Committees While battles are often what we remember about the American Revolution, the local Committees of Safety played a critical role in the theatre of war, albeit away from the battlefields. Acting as enforcers, organizers, and guardians, these committees ensured revolutionary laws and ethos were followed, supplies reached […]

Committees of Correspondence: Backbones of the American Revolution

This image depicts the Boston Committee of Correspondence meeting under the Liberty Tree.

Grassroots Foundation of the American Revolution: Ink & Quil Before Bullets and Battles The American Revolution began long before the “shot heard ’round the world.” This is the story of how Americans, armed with ink, quill, and paper, corresponded through networks of committees to defy British Rule and later wage a war against the Empire. […]